If a commodity were in no way useful, - in other words, if it could in no way contribute to our gratification, - it would be destitute of exchangeable value, however scarce it might be, or whatever quantity of labour might be necessary to procure it.

-- David Ricardo 大卫·里卡多

如果一种商品毫无用处，换句话说，如果它对我们的满足感毫无帮助，那么它就没有可交换的价值，无论它有多么稀缺，也无论购买它需要多少劳动力。

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Gratification

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We can take some gratification at having come a certain distance in just a few thousand years of our existence as language users, but it should be a deeper satisfaction, even an exhilaration, to recognize that we have such a distance still to go.

作为语言使用者，我们在短短几千年的时间里走到了一定的距离，我们可以从中得到一些满足，但认识到我们还有这么一段距离要走，应该是一种更深层次的满足，甚至是一种兴奋。

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Just as an individual's ability to delay gratification at a young age is a powerful predictor of future academic and professional achievement, discipline is also central to the long-run economic health of nations.

正如一个人在年轻时推迟满足的能力是未来学术和专业成就的有力预测器一样，纪律对于国家的长期经济健康也至关重要。

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