A COLLECTION OF GOOD WORDS
经济
Economy
Speculators may do no harm as bubbles on a steady stream of enterprise. But the position is serious when enterprise becomes the bubble on a whirlpool of speculation. When the capital development of a country becomes a by-product of the activities of a casino, the job is likely to be ill-done.
投机者可能不会造成伤害，因为泡沫会对稳定的企业流动产生影响。但当企业成为投机漩涡上的泡沫时，情况就严重了。当一个国家的资本发展成为赌场活动的副产品时，这项工作很可能做得不好。
What an economy really wants, after all, is not more investment per se but better investment. It wants capital to flow to companies that will create value - not in the form of a rising stock price but in the form of more goods for less cost, more jobs, and rising wages - by enhancing productivity.
毕竟，一个经济体真正想要的不是更多的投资本身，而是更好的投资。它希望资本流向那些能够通过提高生产率创造价值的企业——不是以股价上涨的形式，而是以更低成本、更多就业和工资上涨的形式创造更多商品。
It is not to be understood that the natural price of labour, estimated even in food and necessaries, is absolutely fixed and constant. It varies at different times in the same country and very materially differs in different countries. It essentially depends on the habits and customs of the people.
不能理解的是，劳动力的自然价格，甚至在粮食和必需品方面的估计，是绝对固定不变的。它在同一国家的不同时期有所不同，在不同的国家也有很大的差别。这主要取决于人民的风俗习惯。
We believe that it is very important that we have hopefully averted what would have been the most substantial headwind of all, which is a default for the first time in our history, and that that will contribute to a more positive environment that we hope will allow for greater growth and job creation.
我们认为是非常重要的,我们希望避免最实质性的不利因素是什么,这是一个默认第一次在我们的历史上,这将导致一个更积极的环境,我们希望将允许更大的增长和创造就业。
Our parents and grandparents understood this truth deeply. They believed - as we do - that to create jobs, a modern economy requires modern investments: educating, innovating and rebuilding for our children's future. Building an economy to last, from the middle class up, not from the billionaires down.
我们的父母和祖父母深深地理解这个道理。他们和我们一样相信，要创造就业，现代经济需要现代投资:教育、创新和为我们孩子的未来重建。建立一个可持续发展的经济，从中产阶级开始，而不是从亿万富翁开始。
The rich pay more in total taxes now than ever before - ever. It's true. Just like it's true that when the rich are convinced they're going to be taxed more, they spend less. And when the top few percenters don't spend, there goes all your spending, because they account for half of all retail spending.
富人现在缴纳的税收总额比以往任何时候都多。这是真的。正如事实是，当富人确信他们将被征收更多的税时，他们的支出就会减少。当最富有的那几个人不消费时，你所有的消费就都花光了，因为他们占所有零售支出的一半。
There is not necessarily a good reason why a regulator should have to be involved in product design and marketing for rich and sophisticated investors. We recommend that such investors should be able to sign a piece of paper, which allows them to go ahead and buy unregulated products at their own risk.
监管机构没有理由一定要参与为富有而老练的投资者设计和营销产品。我们建议，此类投资者应该能够签署一份文件，允许他们自行承担风险，购买不受监管的产品。
I have young kids. The fiscal burden that will be imposed on them is going to depend primarily on whether we tackle this looming problem in our health care system - with rising costs that don't seem, by the way, to be necessarily associated with higher quality. That is the key burden that they will face.
我有小孩。他们将承受的财政负担将主要取决于我们是否解决我们医疗体系中这个迫在眉睫的问题——顺便说一句，成本的上升似乎与更高的质量没有必然的联系。这是他们将面临的关键负担。
Capitals are increased by parsimony, and diminished by prodigality and misconduct. By what a frugal man annually saves he not only affords maintenance to an additional number of productive hands...but...he establishes as it were a perpetual fund for the maintenance of an equal number in all times to come.
资本因节俭而增加，因挥霍和不当行为而减少。一个节俭的人每年节省下来的钱，不仅能养活更多有生产力的人，而且……他把它当作一项永久的基金，以便在今后的任何时候保持人数相等。
I think wealthy conservatives are busy investing in profit and job creation and enterprise, and wealthy liberals, many of them either from the media industry themselves or from - they recognize the value of communications and are more ready to put money into a less profitable enterprise, namely the media.
我认为富有的保守派正忙着投资和创造就业和企业利润,和富有的自由主义者,他们中的许多人从传媒产业本身或从——他们意识到沟通的价值,更准备将钱存入一个低利润的企业,也就是媒体。
I have been increasingly moved to wonder whether my job is a job or a racket, whether economists, and particularly economic theorists, may not be in the position that Cicero, citing Cato, ascribed to the augurs of Rome---that they should cover their faces or burst into laughter when they met on the street.
我越来越搬到怀疑我的工作是一份工作或者一个球拍,无论是经济学家,特别是经济理论家,在西塞罗的位置,不得引用卡托,归因于古代罗马————他们应该遮住脸或在街上相遇时突然大笑。
I was born in Jamaica but was educated by, and now serve, prestigious First World institutions, so I believe that I have a unique, dual perspective. To sidestep any biases I might have, I use the objective lens of the stock market to discover which policies actually delivered prosperity to emerging markets.
我出生在牙买加，但在著名的第一世界学府接受教育，现在在那里工作，所以我相信我有一个独特的、双重的视角。为了避免我可能存在的任何偏见，我利用股市的客观视角，来发现哪些政策实际上给新兴市场带来了繁荣。
KEEP EXPLORING
沿着这个主题，再读几句。
You might say that economic history is the history of people learning to manage risk.
你可能会说经济史是人们学习管理风险的历史。
The purpose of studying economics is not to acquire a set of ready-made answers to economic questions, but to learn how to avoid being deceived by economists.
学习经济学的目的不是为了获得一套现成的经济问题的答案，而是学习如何避免被经济学家所欺骗。
Don't ever let economic alone determine your career or how you spend the majority of your time.
永远不要让经济因素独自决定你的职业或你如何度过大部分时间。
Economic growth and environmental protection are not at odds. They're opposite sides of the same coin if you're looking at longer-term prosperity.
经济增长和环境保护并不矛盾。如果你着眼于长期的繁荣，它们是同一枚硬币的两面。
Infinite growth of material consumption in a finite world is an impossibility.
在有限的世界里，物质消费的无限增长是不可能的。
The economy is not an abstraction. The economy consists of people, and it will only grow if people feel secure and are reasonably free.
经济不是一个抽象概念。经济是由人组成的，只有当人们感到安全并享有合理的自由时，经济才会增长。