If goodness has causes, it is not goodness; if it has effects, a reward, it is not goodness either. So goodness is outside the chain of cause and effect.

  • -- Leo Tolstoy 利奥·托尔斯泰

如果善有原因,那就不是善;如果它有效果,有回报,那也不是好事。所以善是在因果链之外的。